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Abstract
This paper examines the intersection of biodiversity conservation and indigenous rights from a legal perspective, highlighting the complexities and challenges inherent in aligning environmental protection efforts with the recognition and respect of indigenous communities' rights. While international treaties and national laws provide frameworks for both conservation and human rights, the implementation often reveals conflicting priorities and enforcement issues. This study explores key legal instruments, case studies, and the role of indigenous knowledge in conservation practices. It identifies significant legal and policy gaps, and offers recommendations for creating more inclusive and effective legal frameworks that balance ecological sustainability with the protection of indigenous cultures and livelihoods. The paper advocates for greater collaboration between policymakers, legal practitioners, and indigenous communities to ensure that biodiversity conservation efforts are both just and sustainable. Keywords: Biodiversity Conservation, Indigenous Rights, Legal Frameworks, Environmental Law, Policy Challenges